stocking



(ModeL) E. B. STOCKING.

CARTRIDGE.

Patented June 6, I882.

N. PETERS, Phom-Lithognpher, Washingtcfl. n.6,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDGAR STOCKING, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

CARTRlDGE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent; No. 259,237, dated June 6,1885?.

Application filed October 20. 1881. (Model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDGAR B. STOCKING, a citizen of the United StatesofAmerica, rcsiding at Washington, in the District of Columbia, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Paper Cartridges; and Ido hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference bein ghad to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of referencemarked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

The object of my invention is to reduce the cost of paper cartridges ofthat class which consist of a paper shell or body portion, a base oraplug of coiled paper with or without a re-enforcing shell of paperbetween said body and base portions, and a metal cap covering the closedend or base of such cartridges, and provided with an aperture havingtherein an anvil or seat for a percussioncap, said metal cap being alsoextended around and upon the body portion of the cartridge,.and alsobeing upsetor spread to form an annular projection or flange at the rearedge of said body portion for the purpose of providing a means forextracting the shell from a gun after being discharged.

The .manner in which I reduce the cost of cartridges of the class abovedescribed is primarily in the amount of metal used, and secondarily in asimplified method of applying or attaching the metal constituting aflange to the shell; and my invention consists in said method andinapapercartridge havingcertain characteristics, as hereinafter more fullydescribed, and specifically set forth in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figures 1,2, and 3 represent in verticalsection cartridges embodying my invention. Fig. 4 is a vertical sectionof the cap-seat and anvil. Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 represent variousforms of flanges, and Fig. 10 is a sectional view of devices used inpracticing my said method.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts in all of the figures.

A represents the body portion of' the cartridge or shell proper; B, thebase or plug; O,the cap-seat or anvil; D, the re enforce, and E theflange.

' I construct the cartridge in the usual manner so far as the shell,base, and re-enforce are concerned, and instead of covering the closedend or base thereof and a portion of the shell with a metal cap, I applyor attach securely .a ring of metal in such a position as to constitutea flange which operates as a means by which a cartridge may be extractedfrom the gun, and which flange also necessarily acts to strengthen andhold firmly together the shell and plug and when a rc-ent'orce is usedthe re-enforce, shell, and plug.

The flange E may be of any desired form in cross-section, but should, asis evident, be annular or ring shape in contour. l haveillustratctl inFigs. 5 to 9, inclusive, several desirable forms of rings, which, whenapplied to the shell, constitute flanges. Fig. 5 is a ring of ovaloutline in cross-section; Fig. 6, the same with a square or flat innerface. Fig. 7 has a flat upper roundinglower and beveled inner face. Fig.Sis a ring all of the faces of which are flat or plain, the inner facebeing beveled; and Fig. 9 is a ring having plain or flat faces at itstop, bottom, and interior, and a rounded edge, said interior face beinggrooved to receive a portion of the shell in a ridge or rib form whencompressed thereon. Other shapes will readily suggest themselves to oneskilled in the art; but as the particular outline of the rings orflanges is non-essential I have not further illustrated them.

Different methods may be employed in attaching the flanges to theshells, and the inner faces of the rings may, if desired, bescrew-threaded and screwed onto the cartridge, or corrugated radially orcircumferentially in continuous ridges or points, for the purpose ofmore firmly securing them to the shell, and they may be attached to theshell, the re-en force, or the plug, as desired, and this either beforethe plug or the plug and re-cnforce are entered in to the shellin theprocess ofmanufacture, and the flanges may be applied to the shell orreenforce, and be secured thereto by forcing a tapering plug therein,the particular timein the manufacture of the cartridge at which theflanges shallbe or arcappliedbeingaminor-feature of my invention.Forinstance, in the form ot'cartridge shown at Fig. 1, a ring is placedin the path of the pln g and re-enforce just as they are introduced andforced into the shell, when the pressure applied upsets theplugand'r'eenforce against the upper oval face of the flange, the shellat its end forming a shoulder against the lower oval face, while saidpressure also tends to flatten the flange and cause it to tightly bindagainst the re-enforce, whereby the flange is securely held againstforce applied thereto in either direction longitudinally of. the shell;but as in extracting the shell from a gun the force is applied in adirection to the rear (the open end of the shell being considered thefront) there is less need of a shoulderin frontof the flange, and henceother constructions than that shown in Fig. 1 will be of practicalutility and less expensive. For instance, taking the form of flangeshown at Fig. 6, it may be forced from frontto rear, and, fittingtightly, it may be held at the rear end of the shell by friction only,and this friction may be increased by corrugating its inner face, asabove described.

In the foregoing examples I have shown and described the flange securedto the re-enforce and to the shell.- In Fig. 3 I have illustratedadish-shaped flange secured to the plug, which is upset to fill theflange and then driven into the shell. I would here observe that theplug, re-enforce, and shell may be cemented each to the other, asisusual, if desired.

Any of the above-described methods of attaching' the flange may befollowed; but my preferable method is in all cases to provide my'ringswith beveled inner faces, whether plain, oval, or grooved. An oval innerface would be the equivalent of a beveled infier face when the longeraxis ofthe oval in crosssection is inclined, as clearly shown in Fig. 1.With such faces I also prefer that they shall be substantiallydish-shaped when applied, as clearly shown at Figs. 1, 3, and 10. Inthis form the flange, of such a size internally as to easily fit theshell,re-enforce, or plug, is placed with its inner face at about theposition it is to occupy in the finished article, and is then flattenedso as to force the lower edge of its inner face into the shell,re-enforce, or plug to which-it is to be attached. By this method theinner diameter of the flange is practically lesstined -and the flange isshrunk upon the shel Referring to Fig. 10, I have illustrated one meansof practicing my preferred method. F is a fixed die, having an annulargroove or countersink,f, at its upper end. G is a movable plug, adaptedto fit the shell internally,

and H is a movable flat-faced die. Their operation is as follows: Theflange is placed upon the shell as shown. The plug G and die H approacheach other with equal'speed and operate to flatten the fiangeaud raisethe shell as the inner face of the flange is raised and compressed intothe body of the shell. Theflange, during this operation, resting uponthe upper edge of the groove f, is. virtually depressed at its outeredge and in like degree is elevated at its inner edge, and the shell iselevated correspondingly. The final result is that a ring or flangewhich fits the shelleasily is laterally and inwardly compressed upon orshrunken against and into the surface of said shell, so as to be rigidlyattached thereto. This same result may be accomplished by a directlateral swaging or compression of a flange not in dish shape; but I donot prefer such a method on account of the complicated nature of themeansnecessary to its accomplishment.

The cap-seat or anvil of my cartridge is of the usual construction,except that it does not project from the base and is'secured thereto inthe following manner: Itconsists of atube, 0, provided with an anvilproper, d, and tongues c, which, by being forced into the base B,securely hold it therein. t

The tongues may be made before the tube is inserted into the base,'andthen forcedinto it; or they may be, simultaneously made and forced intothe base by suitable means; or the cap-seats may by secured byfrictional contact only.

Having described my "ivention, what Iclain as new, and desire to secureby Letters Patent,

1. As an article of manufacture, apaper cartridge having an uncoveredbase and a metallic flange, the rear surface of which is in a commonplane with the rear surface of said base, substantially as shown anddescribed.

2. The method of attaching a cap-seat or anvil to a cartridge base orplug, which con sists in simultaneouslyforming from the walls or sidesof the seat tongues of a thickness equaling that of the walls or sides,and foreing said tongues intothe base or plug, substantially as shownand described.

3. A method of attaching a flange to a cartridge, which consists inflattening it from a dish or conical shape, therebylaterally and in-

